The Vienna Convention is the denomination of numerous treaties signed in the city of Vienna, the Diplomatic Relations of 1961, is considered the most important normative instrument of diplomatic law, which regulates relations between countries and the immunity of diplomatic personnel. It becomes the procedural right of diplomatic relations.
It is one of the most successful treaties of the United Nations and a symbol for progressive development, and the codification of international law. It constitutes the main multilateral agreement of incalculable scope in diplomatic relations. It consists of fifty-three (53) articles. It was adopted on April 18, 1961 in Vienna (Austria) and entered into force on April 24, 1964.
In the recitals of this treaty are the reasons that made it necessary for a long and historical diplomatic practice to have a clear and precise text, which will regulate the relations between the various nations that signed it.
It is necessary to remember that the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations was born in the middle of the Cold War. The Vienna of 1961 was no longer the city devastated by the Second War of 1945 immortalized, but full of spies, the neutrality of the Austrians, turned the former Habsburg capital into a crossroads between one side and the other.
In a general sense, it has been considered that the Vienna Convention fundamentally includes customary elements widely accepted until that moment, to the point that only three articles are considered innovations, the most important being the one that allows the multiple accreditation of an Ambassador in different countries. the time
But the changes experienced in the world in more than 5 decades have been extraordinary. The number of member states of the UN has gone from 99 in the days scheduled for the Vienna conference in December 1960 to 193 today, including permanent observers. South Sudan is the last State to join the organization in July 2011, after the separation of the Republic of Sudan. The health and economic crisis is the greatest challenge of the moment.
This Vienna Treaty on Diplomatic Relations is today an essential basis for diplomacy, keeping diplomatic lines of communication open and protecting the privileges of diplomatic missions.
It facilitates relations and trust between States, encouraging them to work together to build priority objectives on the international agenda and contribute to the development of friendly relations, regardless of their differences in constitutional regime.
To conclude, there have been years of a realistic vision that assumes that it is not necessary to agree on the course that each country decides to take in order to maintain relations based on the legal equality of the States and on reciprocity.
