The global agreement on biodiversity reached in Montreal (Canada) by 188 countries is being rated as a historical landmark of the same magnitude as the 2015 Paris Agreement about climate change.
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The goal of Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) Kunming-Montreal, as the pact is officially called, is to halt and reverse the loss of species by 2030.
Here are some of the key objectives of the text:
1. Protection of 30% of the planet by 2030. The so-called 30×30 objective is to ensure that at least 30% of the planet’s surface, both terrestrial and marine, is under an effective system of protection, conservation and management that preserves biodiversity.
2. Subsidies. By 2025, incentives and subsidies that harm biodiversity will be identified and eliminated, phased out, or reformed. By 2030 they have to be reduced by at least 500,000 million dollars, starting with the most harmful.
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3. Resources for biodiversity. By 2030, at least $200 billion a year, in public and private funds, will be mobilized so that developing countries can preserve nature.
4. Financing from rich countries. Developed countries will provide
developing countries at least $20 billion a year by 2025 and at least $30 billion a year by 2030.
5. Indigenous rights. The traditional knowledge, practices and technologies of indigenous peoples and local communities will only be accessible with their authorization, in accordance with national legislation.
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6. Pollution. By 2030, governments commit to reducing the negative impact of pollution to levels that are not harmful to biodiversity and ecosystem function.
7. Management of wild species. The agreement ensures that the management and use of wild species is sustainable so that they provide social, economic and environmental services, especially to the most vulnerable populations.
Leaders celebrating the agreement for biodiversity in Canada.
8. Consumption. By 2030, the global impact of consumption will be reduced in an equitable way. Food waste will be cut in half and overconsumption significantly. The generation of garbage will be substantially reduced.
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9. Genetic information. A multilateral fund is established to equitably share the benefits between providers and users of information on the digital sequence of genetic resources. The fund will be finalized at COP16, to be held in Turkey in 2024.
10. Control and implementation. Countries are required to report at least every five years on a series of indicators of progress towards meeting the goals and targets of the Global Biodiversity Framework.
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EFE
