The President Javier Milei It faces a new legislative brace after having vetoed three laws of high social and fiscal impact: the increase in retirement, the restitution of the pension moratorium and the declaration of emergency in disability.
The decision of Javier Mileiformalized by decree 534/2025, opened a new chapter of tension between the Executive Power and the Congress, which must now define whether insists on the approved laws or accepts the presidential veto.
In the Argentine Constitutional System, The President It has the power to take advantage of any law sanctioned by Congress. This prerogative works as a control mechanism between powers and allows the Executive to stop initiatives that consider inconvenient or unfeasible.
Once a law is sanctioned, the president has ten business days to promulgate or veto it. If it is not pronounced within that period, the law is automatically promulgated. In case of veto, the entry into force of the norm is suspended, and the text returns to Congress, which can choose to insist on its original approval.
Unlike what happens with the sanction of ordinary laws, reverse a presidential veto requires an aggravated majority: two thirds of the votes in both chambers. This means that the opposition needs to gather: 171 affirmative votes in the Chamber of Deputies (on 257 members) 48 affirmative votes in the Senate (about 72 members)
On the other hand, for the veto to be maintained, the ruling party needs just a third of the votes in a single camera. That is: 86 votes in deputies, 25 votes in the Senate. Yeah Milei manages to gather that minimum floor in either of the two cameras, the vetoes are firm and there is no possibility of insistence during that parliamentary period.
How is the insistence voted?
The procedure begins in the Camera of origin, that is, where the project began. If the two -thirds majority are reached, the text passes to the review camera. The vote is nominal, which means that each legislator must express their vote publicly. There is no work in commissions or possibility of modifying the text: it is voted as originally sanctioned.
The Executive justified his decision in tax reasons. According to the decree, the approval of the three laws would imply an additional expense of more than $ 7 billion in 2025 (equivalent to 0.9% of GDP) and $ 17 billion in 2026 (1.68% of GDP). In addition, he questioned the planned sources of financing and warned that the initiatives would put the fiscal balance at risk, compromise economic goals and affect the pension system.
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