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Víctor M. Toledo: AMLO, Rousseau, and social power

Victor M. Toledo

yes

without a doubt, Andres Manuel López Obrador (AMLO) is winning the war. One thing is the multiple battles of varying magnitude, their contradictions and chiaroscuros, and even their inconsistencies, and another is the social process that in just three years he has unleashed underground. Beneath what is debated, written and spoken in the political and communication media, beyond the perception of the elites, a phenomenon continues to advance in which millions are becoming aware of their exploited situation and the destruction of their media of life (water, air, food, health, environmental services). Tycoons, banks, corporations are appearing in view of the village as the true cause of their misery, and in their minds the idea arises that only by eliminating them will liberation be achieved, the recovery of their human dignity. In short, social power keeps moving forward! Every day more Mexicans discover that what we are experiencing today, not only in the country but on the entire planet, is a colossal battle between life and death.

There is nothing, absolutely nothing, that justifies a handful of individuals and corporations immorally holding the gigantic fortunes they possess. They are equally parasites that exploit human labor power and predators that squander the forces of nature. They are to blame for humanity heading towards collapse. The data is overwhelming, 12 percent of humanity owns 85 percent of the wealth (Credit Suisse). But inequality cannot be considered something natural, since it is not determined by genes or by biological evolution. We owe to Jean-Jacques Rousseau and his work the social contract, published in 1762, the first attempt to explain how inequality arose with the increase in complexity of societies, which caused individuals to stop devoting themselves solely to their survival to adopt egomania, the desire to be superior to others and to be admired by the rest. Soon the families of the egomaniacs expanded and imposed on the rest a social contract that institutionalized inequality and domination through a moral justification, which today reaches its maximum expression. Rousseau built his theoretical framework from what little was known in Europe about the wild towns. Your idea of be natural derived it from anecdotes told by travelers who had contact with traditional or native peoples of Africa, Mexico, Peru, Chile and the West Indies; 250 years later, two scientists from the University of Michigan, Kent V. Flannery and Joyce Markus, published a treatise of more than 600 pages describing, with data from archeology and anthropology, everything that Rousseau did not achieve with the knowledge of his time. . The Creation of Inequality ( The creation of inequality), Harvard University Press, 2012, is the work that discovers the rise of monarchies, slavery and empires some 4,500 years ago. Before that date, human beings lived in egalitarian societies for about 295 thousand years! By rigorously counterpointing past and present, Flannery and Markus have made a seminal contribution on the origins of inequality. His contributions are connected to what was done by Thomas Piketty and another 100 researchers from the Laboratory of Inequality in France, who have shown that today we live at the height of inequality and the concentration of wealth (https://bit.ly/3OevorQ).

Humanity will only be saved by questioning and breaking down the social contract that today dominates the political ideology of the masses, and this will only be achieved through awareness and social or collective empowerment, beyond the State and the market. Meanwhile, we are nothing but a species of primate in which a handful of males dominate the rest. Modern, industrial, capitalist and technocratic society recreates chimpanzee (or baboon) societies where alpha and beta males impose their dominance over other males and over the females of their troop (promiscuity). The 10 richest men in the world (Musk, Bezos, Arnault, Gates, Buffett, Page, Brin, Ellison, Ballmer and Ambani) own 1.5 billion dollars, and in Mexico the families of the eight biggest tycoons (Slim, Larrea, Salinas -Pliego, Bailleres, Del Valle, Hank-Rhon, Hernández and Vigil) have a fortune of 131 billion dollars.

with his first the poor and all his social policy, AMLO is empowering those below (and outside), where the values ​​of traditional peoples (provincial, peasant, indigenous) are a powerful echo to multiply the revolution of consciences. The 40 to 45 million votes that he should have received, if the National Electoral Institute had installed all the voting booths in the last revocation of the mandate, attest to the above. AMLO is winning the war.

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