Black and brown people experience unemployment more than white, as well as receiving lower wages and working more in informality. The finding is part of the National Continuous Household Sample Survey (PNAD), released this Friday (14), in Rio de Janeiro, by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE).
The survey points out that, in the fourth quarter of 2024, the white population registered unemployment rate of 4.9%, below the rate of 6.2% of the national average. At the other end, black (7.5%) and brown (7%) were above the country average.
According to the research coordinator, Adriana Beringuy, this inequality is a structural feature of the Brazilian labor market, “not just related to this quarter.”
The IBGE study investigates behavior in the labor market for people 14 years or older and takes into account all forms of occupation, whether or without a signed, temporary and own portfolio, for example. 211,000 households are visited in all states and the Federal District.
Informality
Inequality by color is also perceived when analyzing the informality rate, that is, the proportion of workers who do not guarantee rights such as vacation, contribution to social security and 13th salary.
While the country’s informality rate in the fourth quarter of 2024 reached 38.6%, that of blacks was 41.9%; and that of the browns, 43.5%. The index among white people was below average: 32.6%.
The IBGE points out that – between the third and fourth quarters of 2024 – the informality rate fell in the country (from 38.8% to 38.6%) and among whites (from 33.5% to 32.6%), But it rose in browns (43.2% to 43.5%) and black (41.8% to 41.9%).
“It is worth mentioning this structural difference of this indicator in the cut of color or race,” says Beringuy.
According to Census 2022, the browns account for 45.3% of the population. Whites are 43.5%; Blacks, 10.2%; Indigenous, 0.6%; and yellow, 0.4%.
Income
When workers’ salaries are watched, the country’s average monthly income reaches R $ 3,215 in the last quarter of 2024. It is another indicator that shows the above average white buses with R $ 4,153 per month. The reverse happens with blacks (R $ 2,403) and browns (R $ 2,485).
Women
IBGE research also presents gender inequality data. Unemployment among men in the last quarter of 2024 was 5.1%. Already the women, 7.6%.
The imbalance is also perceived in the amount received by men and women. They closed the last quarter of 2024 with average monthly income of $ 3,540, while they received $ 2,783.
