This week’s Hoje é Dia commemorates the anniversary of two milestones in Brazilian history. Wednesday (7) marks the 200th anniversary of Brazil’s Independence and the centenary of the country’s first radio broadcast. To celebrate these dates, the vehicles of the EBC publish a series of special reports with themes related to these achievements.
Celebrated on the 7th of September, Independence Day recalls the cry of independence on the banks of the Ipiranga River, proclaimed by Dom Pedro I, but this milestone was not always celebrated on the same date. Due to the difficulties of propagating information, the population only became aware of the feat on October 12, the day on which Dom Pedro I became Emperor of Brazil and the birthday of the monarch.
This and other curiosities about the bicentennial can be found on the website of TV Brazil (https://tvbrasil.ebc.com.br/tags/bicentenario-da-independencia) and from Brazil Agency (https://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/tags/bicentenario-da-independencia).
Officialized on the centenary of the proclamation, the national anthem also celebrates its anniversary during the week and celebrates its 100th anniversary on Tuesday (6). The lyrics of the anthem were written in 1909 by the poet Osório Duque Estrada and only became official in 1922 by Decree nº 15.671, of September 6, 1922, signed by President Epitácio Pessoa. Understand the lyrics of the composition in the report.
The first major radio broadcast in Brazil took place during the Rio de Janeiro International Exhibition, which celebrated the 100th anniversary of the country’s emancipation and featured a speech by then-President Epitácio Pessoa.
The history of radio, however, may have started years earlier, in 1919, in Recife (PE). Formed by students, Rádio Clube de Pernambuco was inaugurated on April 6, 1919, a year before Rádio Sociedade. Edgard Roquette-Pinto’s Rádio Sociedade, the first official radio station, came on April 20, 1920. Check report from Brazil Agency.
Today is the Day: 100 years of radio – Studio da Rádio Sociedade, with Beatriz Roquette-Pinto at the microphone – EBC Collection/Reserved Rights
This is not the only episode that generates discussions about pioneering. The very invention of the radiophonic device, attributed to the Italian Guglielmo Marconi, generates discussion among researchers and involves a Brazilian scientist, Father Roberto Landell de Moura. Listen to this episode of the series Cem anos do Rádio no Brasil, gives National Radio Agency.
World Literacy Day
Thursday (8) is World Literacy Day, a date recognized by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (Unesco) that seeks to discuss strategies to reduce illiteracy. In Brazil, more than 11 million people aged 15 and over are illiterate, 6.6% according to the Continuous National Household Sample Survey (PNAD Contínua) 2019. According to Unesco, the number of illiterate adults in the world is 773 million.
According to the National Education Plan (PNE), a law that establishes planning to improve education in the country, Brazil must achieve zero illiteracy rates by 2024. The challenges of basic education, however, have increased with the covid-19 pandemic. report of Brazil Agency talks about the impacts of the global health crisis on literacy.
World Suicide Prevention Day
The month is also marked by the Yellow September campaigns, which discuss suicide prevention actions. The World Suicide Prevention Day, on Saturday (10), brings discussions about the importance of talking about this cause of death, which is the second most recurrent among young people between 15 and 29 years old.
O Reporter Brazil explains that talking openly about suicide helps in prevention.
The importance of to open space for discussions on the subject and to implement public prevention policies was also the subject of National Amazon Afternoon.
Another risk group is pregnant women. In an interview with Brasilia Magazine, specialist explains that factors such as unwanted teenage pregnancy, postpartum depression, abuse, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder need a careful look and emotional support from the support network.
Whatever the age group, risk factors or cause, talking about suicide, welcoming and showing possibilities for help are essential to prevent this from happening. Remember that the help of trained professionals is essential to deal with crisis situations.
If you are going through a moment like this, you can find help at the Life Appreciation Center (CVV) at number 188.
*With supervision of Alessandra Esteves
Check out the weekly list of Hoje é Dia with dates, historical facts and holidays
September 4th to 10th, 2022
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Birth of Bahian politician Antônio Carlos Magalhães (95 years old)
Birth of Rio de Janeiro composer Carmen Barbosa (110 years old)
Marriage of Pedro II of Brazil with Princess Teresa Cristina Maria de Bourbon (180 years old)
World Sexual Health Day – celebrated every year by the World Association for Sexual Health (AMSS) internationally known as WAS – World Association for Sexual Health
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Birth of American composer John Cage (110 years old) – pioneer of random and electroacoustic music, as well as the use of unconventional instruments
Birth of German filmmaker Werner Herzog (80 years old) – author of classic films such as “Aguirre, the Wrath of the Gods”, “The Enigma of Kaspar Hauser” and “Fitzcarraldo”
Birth of the Bahian singer, songwriter, producer, guitarist and businessman Washington Bell Marques (70 years old) – lead singer of the band Chiclete com Banana
Death of ethnic Albanian Catholic missionary Mother Teresa of Calcutta (25 years old)
Publication of the book On the Road, by beatnik Jack Kerouac (65 years old)
Massacre at the Munich Olympics (50 years)
Launch of Voyager 1 (45 years)
International Day of Charity – date recognized by the UN
International Indigenous Women’s Day – commemoration instituted in memory of the indigenous Aymará Bartolina Siza Maturana, who fought against the Spanish colonizers in the region of present-day Bolivia
Amazon Day
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Birth of the modernist painter, draughtsman, illustrator, muralist and caricaturist from Rio de Janeiro, Emiliano Augusto Cavalcanti de Paula Albuquerque e Melo, Di Cavalcanti (125 years old)
Birth of American singer Macy Gray (55 years old)
Death of Italian tenor Luciano Pavarotti (15 years old)
Death of the composer from Rio de Janeiro, José Ribamar Pereira da Silva, Ribamar (35 years old) – began his career as a professional musician in 1950, accompanying Dolores Duran. That year, he won the competition to choose a popular music pianist on Rádio Nacional.
Officialization of the Brazilian National Anthem (100 years) – made official by Decree No. some apocryphal verses have been added to Estrada’s original composition and definitively incorporated into the hymn
Princess Diana’s Funeral Live Stream (25 Years Old)
International Day of Action for Women’s Equality
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Birth of actor Paulo Autran (100 years old)
Birth of singer Antônio Bento da Silva Filho, known as Toni Garrido (55 years old)
Signing of the Torrijos-Carter Treaty on the Panama Canal (45 years)
First radio broadcast in Brazil, with speech by President Epitácio Pessoa (100 years old)
Independence Day of Brazil
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Death of poet from Maranhão Bandeira Tribuzi (45 years old)
Birth of the Angolan babalao Agenor Miranda (115 years old) – one of the main leaders of the Candomblé tradition; spiritual advisor of great personalities of Brazilian culture
Death of the composer and instrumentalist from Paraíba Severino Rangel de Carvalho, known as Ratinho (50 years old) – formed a successful musical duo with José Luis Rodrigues Calazans, known as Jararaca, in the 1920s
Birth of actress and director from Rio de Janeiro Leandra Leal (40 years old)
World Literacy Day – date recognized by the UN
World Physical Therapy Day – celebrated by the World Confederation for Physical Therapy (WCPT)
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Chapel of Our Lady of Lampadosa. Built by virtue of the provision of September 5, 1747 (275 years)
Birth of São Paulo businessman João Batista Sérgio Murad, known as Beto Carrero (85 years old)
Birth of former football player and coach from Rio Grande do Sul, Renato Portaluppi, Renato Gaúcho (60 years old)
Birth of São Paulo singer Maria Rita (45 years old)
Death of the historian, film critic, professor, essayist and political activist from São Paulo, Paulo Emílio Sales Gomes (45 years old) – central figure in the foundation of the Cinemateca Brasileira, in the creation of the Brasília Festival and of the Audiovisual courses at the University of Brasília and University of São Paulo, where he taught until the end of his life
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Born of São Paulo actor Paulo Betti (70 years old)
Death of Portuguese composer Alfredo Lourenço, Alfredo Português (65 years old) – was part of the Ala de Compositores da Mangueira
World Suicide Prevention Day – commemoration at the initiative of the International Association for Suicide Prevention in partnership with the World Health Organization, which has the support of suicidal behavior prevention organizations around the world
