Twenty-five municipalities represented 34.2% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), the sum of goods and services produced in Brazil, in 2023, according to the publication GDP of Municipalities 2022-2023, released this Friday (19) by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). The study was carried out in partnership with state statistics bodies, State Government Secretariats and the Superintendency of the Manaus Free Trade Zone (Suframa).
The first three cities at the top of the list are São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Brasília. According to IBGE analyst Luiz Antonio do Nascimento de Sá, these three cities have remained in the top positions since the beginning of the historical series, in 2002, but have gradually lost share over the years.
THE ranking it also includes 11 capitals, nine municipalities in São Paulo, four in Rio de Janeiro and one in Minas Gerais. According to the study, one hundred municipalities account for 52.9% of Brazil’s GDP.
In 2023, capital cities, including Brasília, represented 28.3% of Brazilian GDP and non-capital cities, 71.7%.
The good performance of the services sector encouraged capital cities to increase their share of GDP in 2023: São Paulo had the biggest gain in share (0.4 percentage points-pp), reaching 9.7% of national GDP, followed by Brasília, Porto Alegre and Rio de Janeiro, with increases of 0.1 pp each. Belo Horizonte varied by close to 0.1 pp and remained among the capitals with the greatest weight.
Of the 30 cities that lost the most share in GDP, seven had losses related to oil extraction, including the first five on the list: Maricá (RJ), Niterói (RJ), Saquarema (RJ), Ilhabela (SP) and Campos (RJ). Nine municipalities with the main activity of manufacturing industry also had a loss of participation in GDP.
The six cities with the highest GDP per capita are linked to the extraction and refining of oil.
“It is curious to note that the municipalities at the top of this list are linked to oil even in a context unfavorable to this commodity. But some oil fields have come into production. Although nationally this extractive activity has lost share, some fields began operating in 2023, benefiting some cities”, said the IBGE analyst.
Saquarema (RJ) led the GDP per capita of 2023, with R$722.4 thousand per inhabitant. Among the capitals, the largest was Brasília (DF), with R$129.8 thousand, which is 2.41 times higher than the national average (R$53.9 thousand).
The municipality with the lowest GDP per capita of the country was Manari (PE), with R$ 7,201.70. Four of the five minors were in Maranhão: Nina Rodrigues, with R$7,701.32; Matões do Norte, with R$ 7,722.89; Cajapió, with R$8,079.74; and São João Batista, with R$8,246.12.
