There are various alternatives to invest surpluses. Informing yourself about its operation and legality is the first critical step to ensure success.
The mutual funds They are one of the most accessible options. They function as a common stock market that pools capital from multiple investors to acquire a diversified portfolio of assets (bonds, stocks, etc.). The ownership of each investor is measured through participation fees, which represent a fraction of the total value of the fund and whose price varies daily according to market performance.
What should be taken into account when investing in them? Antonio Cevallos, CEO of BBVA Asset Management, presents a practical guide with the essential steps that every investor should consider in the Peruvian market.
1. Get your financial foundation in order
Before investing, it is advisable to have an emergency fund equivalent to between three and six months of expenses and avoid high-cost debts. It is also key to define the investment objective – such as purchasing a home, studying or retirement – and the time horizon.
2. Understand what a mutual fund is
A mutual fund is an autonomous asset that pools the money of many investors to invest according to a defined policy. When investing, quotas are acquired whose value is calculated daily.
3. Know your risk profile
Identifying whether you have a conservative, moderate or aggressive profile is essential. To do this, you can complete the risk profile questionnaire available at the Securities Market Superintendency (SMV).
4. Choose the right currency
The funds can be denominated in soles or dollars. Choosing soles can help avoid currency risk, while dollar funds may be convenient if future expenses will be in that currency.
5. Compare the available alternatives
Before investing, it is recommended to review the simplified prospectus and participation regulations of each fund, as well as evaluate the commissions, investment policy, liquidity (T+1 or T+2) and minimum investment amounts.
6. Open your account and invest
The process is usually digital and can be carried out through a bank or a Fund Management Company (SAF). It includes identity validation, contract signing and deposit for subscription subscriptions.
7. Understand daily operations
Subscription or redemption requests are generally assigned the next day quota value (T+1), and the money is received within approximately T+2 or T+3.
8. Consider the tax aspect
Starting in 2024, capital gains generated by mutual funds are subject to a 5% tax on the gain, which is applied through automatic withholding.
9. Put together your first portfolio
For the short term, liquidity funds can be considered; for the medium term, mixed funds; and for the long term, variable income funds. An initial strategy can combine a conservative fund with a higher risk fund.
10. Automate and review periodically
Setting up automatic monthly contributions helps maintain investment discipline. In addition, it is recommended to review the portfolio at least once a year.
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