To draw “what follows” you have to consider the data set. Synthesize 10 findings that offer learning for the next step; They also serve to face some myths and confusion:
1) multidimensional poverty was reduced from the economic dimension – not by social -; It is due to the increase in homes for household work, especially those who earn less.
2) work income rose 22% on average from 2018 to 2024; but in the “floors of below” (the deciles I, II and III in the distribution of income) they rose almost triple: 63%.
3) In contrast, transfers of government programs represent less than 4 out of every 100 pesos of household income. In the “floors of below” are 11 out of every 100 pesos (while the work provides 75 out of every 100 pesos on those floors).
4) The programs are not “universal”: in the “floors of below”, 10 million homes do not receive programs, only 5.5 million are beneficiaries of programs.
5) The direct effect of programs on poverty reduction is minimal (1 percentage point of difference between 2018 and 2024) and in extreme poverty is null (0.2 points).
6) There are social deficiencies that depend on public policies and other income. Those that reflect the level of income: quality and housing spaces, healthy and sufficient eating, were also reduced as a reflection of income improvement. On the other hand, those linked to public policies did not improve substantially: they are slowed (lack of social security), stagnant (lack of educational lag) or worsened (lack of access to health services).
7) The population with social deficiencies increased from 26% to 32% of the population in the same period.
8) The lack of access to health services grew more than double: from 16% to 34% of the population. From 20 million people to 44 million. In addition, it is possible that the lack is greater, when applying criteria comparable to previous years.
9) Poverty fell throughout the country, but in 3 “poorer” states being more than half of the population: Chiapas (66%), Guerrero (58%), Oaxaca (52%). In rural areas it is almost half of the population (46%)
10) Poverty is higher than the national average (29%) for indigenous population (66%), girls and boys from 0 to 5 years (42%), from 6 to 11 years (39%), adolescents from 12 to 17 years (36%).
To advance more quickly and sustainably in poverty reduction and correct the serious failures in public policies, citizen action against poverty proposes 5 indispensable strategies:
1. Promote inclusive and equity economic growth, based on formal employment creation with worthy salary.
2. Promote the productive incorporation of women and young people, who are today in exclusion. It is urgent to create care services and an authentic “First Employment” program for young people without university studies.
3. Promote cooperatives and companies of the social economy, such as the productive route against poverty in rural areas and indigenous communities with greater social lag.
4. Guarantee education and health services, with quality and equity, especially for the population in poverty.
5. Improve the allocation of government transfers programs to avoid the exclusion of smaller homes.
The first three aim to sustain and expand the improvement of labor income. They are strategies that combine labor policy and social policy measures. Guide economic promotion actions that are part or can complement the Mexico Plan. They require active involvement of private initiative.
Fencing is logical, as long as it does not have a passivity effect and inertial continuity. It is urgent to refine what has worked, change what is failing and create what is missing. Without economic growth, with decent work creation, progress can be reversed. Spending without results and generating sequelae for poor educational quality and lack of health services is disastrous.
