Bernardo Bátiz V.
AND
n Querétaro, in the Celebration of the Constitution, the president of Mexico affirmed, clear and timely, regarding sovereignty: The Constitution is our shield
. The phrase indicates firm conviction, beyond the timely metaphor; Indeed, our Magna Carta, a supreme law that organizes legally and politically among its successes, enshrines two principles that constitute the cornerstone of the so -called economic chapter that are, in effect, a shield that defends the national economy and, therefore , sovereignty.
I remember my classes at the Law Faculty. They taught us that the economy is science and art. It deals, nothing less, the production, distribution and consumption of the satisfiers of human needs; That is, from the house, dressed and livelihood that were requested in a prayer of the catechism of Father Ripalda (we add education).
Making more or less old memories aside, we have to celebrate that our Constitution is not extremist. It adopts a mixed economy system and it is established that oil and electrical energy are part of the so -called strategic areas, reserved in property and administration to the federal government; They are ours and we administer them for the benefit of all.
What we defeated in 2018 and won again last year, was not only a corrupt regime, unable to view of social policy, we also defeat an economic system, neoliberal capitalism based on the exploitation of workers, the injustice and greed of a few.
Our shield, the Constitution, clearly establishes that our system is not liberal to dry or neoliberal, but neither Marxist, in which the property of all means of production belongs to the State; We define ourselves in a fair means adopted and accepted by most Mexicans.
In the constitutional article 25, fourth paragraph, it is established textually: To the national economic development they will attend social responsibility, the public sector, the social sector and the private sector without impairment of other forms of economic activity that contribute to the development of the nation
. What characterizes our economic system is that it respects private property, but also social property, as in the case of communal lands, ejidos, cooperatives and other intermediate organizations of solidarity consumers product of the inventiveness of citizens.
The important thing is very clear: the State does not own everything, but it is reserved to handle them exclusively, the areas defined as strategic; This term comes from military language, refers to a position that in a battle or in a war, ensures an advantage for those who control it and a disadvantage for the enemy.
Our Constitution is criticized for the large number of reforms that it has been subject to and also because in some of its articles it does not specify or indicates a general principle in a brief and clear text, but in a single constitutional article develops Not only the initial issue, but also the assumptions and consequences, so that an article sometimes seems a regulatory or procedural law; The truth is that this difference with other very laconic constitutions is explained by the complicated and sometimes dangerous for sovereignty that our national history has been; They have attacked us both from the inside and since we have to assemble of clear and indubitable norms and we have to always be prepared to be, if necessary, soldiers of the Republic.
If we have been able to preserve our territory, despite the mutilation in the 19th century, we have been able to overcome despite many pressures and attempts abroad to become a kind of protectorate or colony more or less disguised, it is because Mexico is populated in The general for patriots.
The clarity of Sheinbaum’s definition is consistent with our difficult history. We have to be clear and firm, but within the constitutional norms; That is why I believe that it is very well said that the Constitution is our shield and that this shield defines how far we allow the laws of the market to play freely and at what time we defend ourselves with a very our legal principle: the Mexican State is not the owner of Everything, but defends everyone; Our respect for social and private properties has a legal framework and a counterweight; This is the rectory of the State in the economy. Individuals and companies can be owners of goods, but the management, the regulation we reserve it. Our state is rector of the economy
and controls the strategic areas, communications, radioactive minerals, electricity, oil and other hydrocarbons. Nothing more, but nothing less.
