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the power of the state It takes the form of a set of institutions: organizations, enacted laws, regulations, public decisions. State power, on the other hand, expresses a correlation of political forces that move within the limits set by existing State institutions. A change in the correlation of forces leads to reforms of institutions, the elimination of some of them or the creation of new ones.
Under the precepts of representative democracy, one political force can displace another as head of the Executive Branch, and/or as dominant head of the Legislative Branch. In Mexico, from now on, we will have a Judicial Branch formed under the democratic canon. We still need to know with what orientation, criteria, rules, that power will operate.
The correlation between political forces occurs at all times within the framework of the organizational foundations of society; Today, everywhere, it is about the foundations – converted into institutions – of capitalist society. It is well known that the ultimate foundation of capitalist society is the private ownership of the means of production. Such a condition grants the owning class economic domination over the non-owners of those media. From this reality arise the social classes of bourgeois society. The non-owners –those historically stripped of all property– necessarily become wage earners exploited by the owners, or they are precarious self-employed workers or, outright, lumpenproletarians; Both self-employed workers and lumenproletarians are likely to become wage earners. The class struggle is born from this social condition. The correlation of forces between political forces, therefore, is immersed in that relationship of domination of the property-owning class. The presence of the so-called middle sectors
(a statistical name referring to income), does not modify the character of class relations.
In Mexico there is a change in the correlation of forces: Morena today occupies ownership of the powers of the State, and represents wage earners and other excluded people. But the dominant classes continue with their advantage and their historical domination protected by State institutions; It is an exclusive and exclusive power always present in the correlation of forces, regardless of which political force occupies ownership of the established powers.
In Mexico, between 2023 and 2024 the number of tycoons with fortunes exceeding one billion dollars each increased from 14 to 22 (Slim, 100 billion). Meanwhile, according to Coneval, real per capita labor income went from 3,124 pesos to 3,346 between the third quarter of 2023 and the third quarter of 2024; an increase of 122 pesos. Brutal social inequality, therefore, continued to increase. Despite social programs, 36.3 percent of the national population lives in poverty; 37.7 million Mexicans live in moderate poverty and 9.1 million in extreme poverty.
Let us consider the effective representation of political parties. There can be no doubt: Morena represents the dominated and excluded classes as has never happened in almost a century. The last presidential election confirmed that this is how these classes live. There was a political feat built by those from below and their leadership with Andrés Manuel López Obrador, under the motto of for the good of all, first the poor
; a feat confirmed in the election of Claudia Sheinbaum.
The correlation of forces changed and the dominated and excluded classes have seen their lives improve. Social differences, however, continue to be abysmal. The 4T governments, federal and state, have to continue improving the lives of the majority. Morena with its best cadres must continue to command. Meanwhile, the opposition parties exhibit a weak representation of those at the top and the deception with which they obtained the vote of those at the bottom almost ended in 2018. But there are still votes in the world of poverty for the spurious representation of the Prian.
There is great room to continue improving the lives of the exploited and excluded. Using data from the World Bank, the Wiki presents the following table: 1) low inequality (D), Gini Index (G) less than 0.3, 33 countries; 2) D moderate, G between 0.3 and 0.4, 87 countries; 3) Dangerously high D, G between 0.4 and 0.5, 45 countries, including Mexico; 4) High D, G between 0.5 and 0.6, 12 countries.
Pakistan, with a real GDP equivalent to 55 percent of Mexico’s and per capita income equivalent to 24.3 percent of Mexico’s, has a G of 0.296 (low inequality) compared to Mexico’s much higher G of 0.435. There are other countries with a lower per capita income than Mexico and a low D. That is, the poverty of a country can be compatible with low inequality. Those from below vote in majority for Morena because it works in their favor. But the pending task is still very great.
