Driven by the increase in fuel and food prices, the Extended National Consumer Price Index (IPCA), which measures official inflation in the country, was 0.41% in November this year. Despite the high, the result was lower than that recorded in October, 0.59%, and in November 2021, 0.95%.
Before these two increases, the index had three months of deflation, from 0.68% in July, 0.36% in August and 0.29% in September.
In the year, the IPCA accumulates an increase of 5.13% and, in the last 12 months, of 5.90%. The data were disclosed today (9) by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE).
Of the nine groups of products and services surveyed, seven were discharged in November. The major impacts on the index for the month came from Transport (0.83%), which includes fuel, and Food and beverages (0.53%). Together, the two groups contributed around 71% of the November IPCA.
The biggest change, in turn, came from Apparel (1.10%), whose result was above 1% for the fourth consecutive month. The group Health and personal care (0.02%) decelerated in relation to October (1.16%) and was close to stability, while Housing (0.51%) surpassed the previous month (0.34%). The other groups were between the drop of 0.68% in Household items and the rise of 0.21% in Personal expenses.
Fuel and food
The increase in Transport (0.83%) is mainly due to the increase in fuel prices (3.29%), which had fallen by 1.27% in October. The prices of ethanol (7.57%), gasoline (2.99%) and diesel oil (0.11%) rose in November. The exception was vehicular gas, with a drop of 1.77%. Gasoline exerted the greatest individual impact on the index for the month, with 0.14 percentage points.
In addition to fuels, there were increases in registration and licenses (1.72%), new cars (0.50%) and voluntary vehicle insurance (0.97%). On the downside, airline ticket prices fell by 9.80%, after rising 8.22% in September and 27.38% in October.
The Food and beverages group had a rise of 0.53%, driven by food for consumption at home (0.58%). The biggest changes came from onion (23.02%) and tomato (15.71%), whose prices had already risen in October, 9.31% and 17.63%, respectively. In addition, there was an increase in the prices of fruits (2.91%) and rice (1.46%).
falls
The highlight on the downside was long-life milk, which was 7.09% cheaper, as it had happened in previous months. In the year, the accumulated variation of the product, which reached 77.84% in July, is now at 31.20%. There was also a decline in the prices of chicken pieces, which fell 1.75% and cheese, a fall of 1.38%.
The change in food away from home (0.39%) was below the previous month (0.49%). While meals decelerated from 0.61% in October to 0.36% in November, snacks followed the opposite path, changing from 0.30% to 0.42%.
In the Clothing group (1.10%), all items had a positive change, except jewelery, with a decrease of 0.10%. The highlights were women’s clothing (1.46%) and children’s (1.34%), in addition to footwear and accessories (1.03%). In 12 months, the group accumulates an increase of 18.65%.
The deceleration in the group Health and personal care (0.02%) comes mainly from the change in behavior in the prices of personal hygiene articles, which changed from a high of 2.28% in October to a fall of 0.98% in November. Two sub-items stand out: perfumes and make-up items, with drops of 4.87% and 3.24%, respectively. On the side of increases, the major contribution came from health plans (1.20%).
The result of the Housing group (0.51%) was driven by increases in residential rent (0.80%) and residential electricity (0.56%). In the case of electric energy, the areas had variations between a drop of 2.93% in Vitória to an increase of 19.85% in Brasília, where tariffs for low voltage residential customers were readjusted by 21.54%, from November 3rd.
Still in Housing, it is worth noting the declines of 0.37% in bottled gas and 0.70% in piped gas. The price of a 13 kg cylinder sold at refineries was reduced by 5.28% as of November 17th. In the case of piped gas, there was a reduction of 2.47% in the rate charged in Rio de Janeiro valid since November 1st, with a 2.17% drop in sub-item inflation.
By region, all areas surveyed had positive change in November. The highest index was in Brasília (1.03%), due to the rise in electricity prices (19.85%). The lowest variation was in Vitória (0.09%), especially due to the 22.25% fall in airline ticket prices.
INPC
Also released this Friday by the IBGE, the National Consumer Price Index (INPC) increased by 0.38% in November, below the result of October, of 0.47%, and of November 2021, when it was 0.84%. In the year, the indicator accumulates a high of 5.21% and, in the last 12 months, of 5.97%.
Food products increased from 0.60% in October to 0.55% in November. Non-food prices also rose less, going from 0.43% in October to 0.32% in November.
In the regional indices, only Aracaju had a negative change in November, of 0.04%, mainly due to the reduction of 13.03% in the prices of long-life milk. The biggest change occurred in Brasília (1.20%), driven by the rise in electricity prices (19.36%).
The IPCA reflects inflation for families with incomes from one to 40 minimum wages and the INPC covers families with incomes from one to five minimum wages.
The surveyed regions are the metropolitan areas of Belém, Fortaleza, Recife, Salvador, Belo Horizonte, Vitória, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Curitiba and Porto Alegre, in addition to the Federal District and the municipalities of Goiânia, Campo Grande, Rio Branco, São Luís and Aracaju.
