The different forms of violence conceptualized in Law 5777/16 are: femicidal violence, physical, psychological, sexual violence, against reproductive rights, patrimonial and economic, labor, political, intra-family, obstetric, media, telematic, symbolic, institutional and against dignity.
Naming these forms of violence allows the State to recognize their existence and establishes the obligation to work on public policies for their prevention, reduction and elimination (article 6).
These forms of violence do not have an express penal sanction within the law (except femicide).
Combating violence against women is a fundamental step to achieve real equality between women and men in the various spheres of life: family, social, political, economic, labor and others.
The 15 forms of violence against women
*The Femicide violence: ands the action that violates the fundamental right to life and causes or attempts to cause the death of the woman and that is motivated by her status as such, both in the public and private spheres.
*The physical violence: It is the action that is used against the body of the woman producing pain, damage to her health or risk of producing it and any other form of abuse that affects her physical integrity.
*The Psychological violence: It is the act of devaluation, humiliation, intimidation, coercion, pressure, harassment, persecution, threats, control and surveillance of the behavior and isolation imposed on women.
*The sexual violence: It is the action that implies the violation of a woman’s right to decide freely about her sexual life, through any form of threat, coercion or intimidation.
*The Violence against reproductive rights: It is the action that prevents, limits or violates the right of women to freely decide the number of children they want to have and the interval between births.
To receive information, guidance, comprehensive care and treatment during pregnancy or miscarriage, childbirth, postpartum and lactation, exercise safe motherhood or choose safe contraceptive methods or that imply loss of autonomy or the ability to freely decide on contraceptive methods to be adopted.
The recognition of reproductive rights, in no case, may be invoked for the termination of pregnancy.
*The Patrimonial and economic violence: Action or omission that causes damage or impairment to the property, values, resources or economic income of the woman or the property by unilateral disposition, fraud, disappearance, concealment, destruction or other means, as well as denying or preventing in any way from carrying out work activities outside the home or deprive him of the essential means to live.
*The workplace violence: It is the act of mistreatment or discrimination against women in the workplace, carried out by superiors or colleagues of equal or lower rank through:
1. Humiliating disqualifications.
2. Threats of dismissal or unfair dismissal.
3. Dismissal during pregnancy.
4. Allusions to private life that imply improper exposure of your privacy.
5. The imposition of tasks outside their functions.
6. Labor services outside of non-agreed hours.
7. Unjustified denial of permits or leaves due to illness, maternity, or vacations.
8. Submission to a situation of social isolation exercised for discriminatory reasons regarding their access to employment, permanence or promotion.
*The political violence: It is the action carried out against a woman whose purpose is to delay, hinder or prevent her from participating in political life in any of its forms and exercising the rights provided for in this Law.
*The Domestic violence: It is the action of physical or psychological violence exercised in the family environment against women due to their status as such, by members of their family group.
“Members of your family group” are understood to be relatives, whether by consanguinity or affinity, the spouse or cohabitant, and the sentimental partner. This link includes current or terminated relationships, cohabitation not being a requirement.
*The Obstetric violence: It is the conduct exercised by health personnel or empirical midwives on the body of women and the physiological or pathological processes present during their pregnancy, and the stages related to gestation and childbirth. It is at the same time a dehumanized treatment that violates the human rights of women.
*The Media violence: It is the action carried out by the social media, through publications or other forms of dissemination or reproduction of stereotyped messages, content and images that promote the objectification, submission or exploitation of women or that present violence against women as a acceptable conduct.
“Reification” shall be understood as the action of reducing the woman to the condition of a thing.
*The telematic violence: It is the action through which messages, photographs, audios, videos or others that affect the dignity or privacy of women are disseminated or published through current information and communication technologies, including the use of these media to promote the objectification, submission or exploitation of women.
*The symbolic violence: It consists of the use or diffusion of messages, symbols, icons, signs that transmit, reproduce and consolidate relations of domination, exclusion, inequality and discrimination, naturalizing the subordination of women.
*The Institutional Violence: Acts or omissions committed by officials, of any public or private institution, whose purpose is to delay or prevent women from accessing public or private services or who in the provision of these are attacked or provide discriminatory or humiliating treatment.
*The Violence against Dignity: which is the verbal or written expression of offense or insult that discredits, disqualifies, devalues, degrades or affects the dignity of women, as well as public messages from authorities, officials or individuals that justify or promote violence against women or their discrimination in any field.
